EU GPP Criteria for Public Spaces Maintenance - Preliminary Report

Green Public Procurement (GPP), in which public authorities procure goods, services and works that have less environmental impact than comparable contracts, has the potential to accelerate the market introduction and uptake of less environmentally damaging technologies. This report forms the basis to develop the EU GPP criteria for Public Spaces Maintenance. The development of EU GPP criteria requires in-depth information about the technical and environmental performance of this product group as well as about the typical procurement processes. This report gathers the necessary background information for that and presents it in a structured form. The scientific body of evidence gathered will be crosschecked with sector-experienced stakeholders to find the best way to develop the criteria in order to deliver optimum environmental improvements while complying with Public Procurement law and safeguarding the Single Market.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

An input-output analysis of Thailand's construction sector

Three input-output (IO) tables compiled between 1995 and 2000 were used to examine the significance of the construction sector and its relationships with other sectors of the Thai economy. The pull and push effect of the Thai construction sector to the national economy indicated that the former is much larger than the latter. Additionally, the relatively high output multipliers and backward linkage indicators showed that the construction sector had the potential to trigger off production in many economic sectors linked to it. An aggregated sectoral analysis revealed the high dependence of construction on manufacturing followed by services. The findings also suggest that the trends of the profile of inputs and outputs are correlated to the economic conditions in Thailand at the time the IO tables were compiled. Finally, the results of employment analysis showed that although the share of construction sector in direct employment generation may not be very large, its economic importance lies in its direct and indirect contribution to employment through strong backward linkage effects. Consequently, when its backward linkages and output multiplier are considered together with the employment opportunities latent within it, then the construction sector could be a major contributor to the economic growth of Thailand.Input-output analysis, multipliers, linkages, construction sector, Thailand,

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Current Oil Sands Technologies: Surface Mining and <i>In Situ</i> Applications

Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with two major recovery and extraction processes currently utilized in Alberta’s oil sands, surface mining and <i>in situ,</i> are quantified. Process modules are developed and integrated into a life cycle model-GHOST <b>(G</b>reen<b>H</b>ouse gas emissions of current <b>O</b>il <b>S</b>ands <b>T</b>echnologies) developed in prior work. Recovery and extraction of bitumen through surface mining and <i>in situ</i> processes result in 3–9 and 9–16 g CO₂eq/MJ bitumen, respectively; upgrading emissions are an additional 6–17 g CO₂eq/MJ synthetic crude oil (SCO) (all results are on a HHV basis). Although a high degree of variability exists in well-to-wheel emissions due to differences in technologies employed, operating conditions, and product characteristics, the surface mining dilbit and the <i>in situ</i> SCO pathways have the lowest and highest emissions, 88 and 120 g CO₂eq/MJ reformulated gasoline. Through the use of improved data obtained from operating oil sands projects, we present ranges of emissions that overlap with emissions in literature for conventional crude oil. An increased focus is recommended in policy discussions on understanding interproject variability of emissions of both oil sands and conventional crudes, as this has not been adequately represented in previous studies

EU GPP Criteria for Public Spaces Maintenance - TECHNICAL REPORT Final version

Green Public Procurement (GPP), in which public authorities procure goods, services and works that have less environmental impact than comparable contracts, has the potential to accelerate the market introduction and uptake of less environmentally damaging technologies. This report forms the basis to develop the EU GPP criteria for Public Spaces Maintenance. The development of EU GPP criteria requires in-depth information about the technical and environmental performance of this product group as well as about the typical procurement processes. This report gathers the necessary background information for that and presents it in a structured form. The scientific body of evidence gathered will be crosschecked with sector-experienced stakeholders to find the best way to develop the criteria in order to deliver optimum environmental improvements while complying with Public Procurement law and safeguarding the Single Market.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi